Utilisation

=Utilisation of CCTV=

how effective they are at reducing crime. Of the studies identified, 44 were deemed to be sufficiently rigorous for inclusion. Many of the studies were based in the United Kingdom, which has more than 4 million cameras installed, but others were in U.S. cities such as Cincinnati and New York. The results of the meta-analysis were as follows: ( http://journalistsresource.org/studies/economics/housing/surveillance-cameras-and-crime/)
 * - Crime Prevention** An analysis by Northeastern University and the University of Cambridge looks at 93 studies on surveillance systems to see
 * Surveillance systems were most effective in parking lots, where their use resulted in a 51% decrease in crime.
 * Public transportation areas saw a 23% decrease in crimes.
 * Systems in public settings were the least effective, with just a 7% decrease in crimes overall.

However, there is still much research to be done to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras on crime prevention before any conclusions can be drawn. (http://epic.org/privacy/surveillance/spotlight/0505/nacro02.pdf)

**- Crime Detection** There is just little evidence that CCTV detects crime. Only one crime is solved by every 1,000 CCTV cameras, the Metropolitan Police, Britain's bigest police force, has admitted.
Apart from that they concluded that 3% of all detected crimes are solved with the help of CCTV cameras. (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/6082530/1000-CCTV-cameras-to-solve-just-one-crime-Met-Police-admits.html)

media type="youtube" key="64xtjFXTcQI" height="224" width="402" align="right"Though they Solved some very popular cases due to CCTV. So i.e. the most important evidence to adjudge Mary Bale for dumping a cat in a bin was a CCTV camera. ( http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-11573883)

More and more local communities have implemente CCTV strategies in public transport in order to prevent and detect crime. Thus i.e. Transport of London (Tfl) is seeking a to finish a £60 million worth deal to aquire new CCTV equipment. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/government-computing-network/2011/nov/07/tfl-seeks-cctv-deal-framework-agreement)

The Oxford City Council plans to order all 650 cabs to be equipped with CCTV, both audio and Video which will cost about £400 for each cab with the aim of improving safety conditions. (http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/11/14/taxis-in-oxford-to-have-cctv-cameras-installed-115875-23561711/)

In October 2009, an "Internet Eyes" website was announced which would pay members of the public to view CCTV camera images from their homes and report any crimes they witnessed. The site aimed to add "more eyes" to cameras which might be insufficiently monitored, but civil liberties campaigners criticized the idea as "a distasteful and a worrying development". (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8293784.stm)

====**- Traffic Monitoring** Many cities and motorway networks have extensive traffic-monitoring systems, using closed-circuit television to detect congestion and notice accidents. Many of these cameras however, are owned by private companies and transmit data to drivers' GPS systems.==== The traffic control cameras are used for traffic monitoring only and help to assess the efficiency of the system and to make any necessary changes quickly. Also, during unusual circumstances such as a traffic accident, a significant breakdown on a busy road, or an event like the Grand National, the system operators can take control of signals and operate them manually from the control centre. This would be impossible without the help of the cameras. (http://www.sefton.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=3368)



**- Prevalence** The exact number of CCTV cameras in the UK is not known for certain because there is no requirement to register CCTV cameras.
However, research published in CCTV Image magazine estimates that the number of cameras in the UK is 1.85 million. This works out as an average of one camera for every 32 people in the UK, although the density of cameras varies from place to place to such a degree as to make this figure almost meaningless. The Cheshire report also claims that the average person on a typical day would be seen by 70 CCTV cameras, although many of these sightings would be brief glimpses from cameras in shops.
 * (**http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/CCTV-Image-42-How-many-cameras-are-there-in-the-UK.pdf)

**- Costs** The installation and maintenance of CCTV is very expensive. To put the cost of publicly owned CCTV into perspective, councils spend in the order of £250m a year on CCTV systems.
This leads to estimated total costs per camera of approximately £1600. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/dec/22/cctv-surveillance-police-cost)
 * (**http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/CCTV-Image-42-How-many-cameras-are-there-in-the-UK.pdf)

**- IP CCTV** After development of computing world and growth of computerized monitoring, a growing branch of CCTV is known as IP camera which uses internet as medium to monitor the
( http://expertscolumn.com/content/cctv-camera-and-its-implications)